Salinity further induces ionic, osmotic, and oxidative stress that result in various metabolic perturbations (including the generation of reactive oxygen, carbonyl, and nitrogen species), reduction in water potential (П€w), distorted membrane potential, membrane injury, altered rates of photosynthesis, leaf senescence, and reduced nitrogen assimilation, among others) thereby provoking a drastic reduction in crop growth and yield. Salt stress is one of these unsought abiotic stresses that has become a consistent problem in agriculture over the past few years. Abiotic stresses are one of the major limiting factors for constraining crop production, for several economically important horticultural crops, and contribute to almost 70% of yield gap. These include aggressive policies to reduce the long-run extremes of climate change, aggressive population reduction policies, rewilding, and protecting the worldвЂ™s remaining indigenous cultures.Д®nhanced crop growth and yield are the recurring concerns in agricultural field, considering the soaring world population and climate change. Policies could be enacted to make the transition away from industrial civilization less devastating and improve the prospects of our hunter-gatherer descendants. This would return the planet to the unstable climate conditions of the Pleistocene when agriculture was impossible. Climate models indicate that the Earth could warm by 3вЊ-4 вЊ by the year 2100 and eventually by as much as 8 вЊ or more. This change brought many benefits, but it also gave us the existential crisis of global climate change. Industrial civilization began a few hundred years ago when fossil fuel propelled the human economy to a new level of size and complexity. These societies show a common pattern of expansion and collapse. Over the next several thousand years, this dependence led to agriculture and large-scale state societies. An unprecedented combination of climate stability and warm temperatures made possible a greater dependence on wild grains in several parts of the world. Human life on Earth, and our place within the planetвЂ™s biophysical systems, changed dramatically with the Holocene, a geological epoch that began about 12,000 years ago.

For most of human history, about 300,000 years, we lived as hunter gatherers in sustainable, egalitarian communities of a few dozen people.

Faceless menace gatherer